Toprakkale

Toprakkale is a city and district of Osmaniye Province within the Mediterranean area of Turkey. It is located at 10 km to the west of Osmaniye. Its call comes from an Abbasid citadel near the metropolis. The town is on a street and rail crossing, a natural intersection of routes between Adana, Hatay and Gaziantep. The awesome fortress referred to as Toprakkale become based within the 8th century via the Abbasids.

During the 12th century it changed into frequently captured with the aid of the Byzantines, Crusaders, and Armenians. In 1266 the Mamluks in short seized the fortress from its Armenian lord and in 1337 completely removed it from the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. It changed into seized through the Ottomans inside the 1490s after they captured all of Cilicia. On the summit of a basalt outcrop is the almost rectangular complicated which measures 150 meters on its long north-to-south axis, and 105 meters in width.

The walls are blanketed by means of numerous round towers and a lethal array of embrasured loopholes. At the south and east is a 2nd quite fortified wall. To the west and north is a massive talus with its own gadget of underground tunnels. Roughly 100 meters from the base of the outcrop on the west and north is a curving fortified circuit wall which creates a separate ward a long way large than the interior of the summit castle. Toprakkale seems to be the result of many durations of production, with the Mamluks as the final of the great members.