Chamchamal

Chamchamal is a city positioned in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq and it's far one of the disputed territories of Northern Iraq . The populace of this metropolis is predicted at 2 hundred,000 humans. The metropolis is a half-hour power east from Kirkuk and an hour west of Sulaymaniyah. The populace was 58,000 in 2003. More latest reports cite a population of 250,000, consisting of 25,000 Arabs. Kurdish Sorani and laki is spoken by means of most population. The metropolis has a ancient citadel, and early Western observers of the region speculated that it's been inhabited for the reason that Sassanid duration.

The Chamchamal valley is also home to critical paleolithic sites of Jarmo and Zarzi. Zarzian subculture is an archaeological tradition of late Paleolithic and Mesolithic in Southwest Asia. The period of the way of life is anticipated to have existed about 18,000–8,000 BCE. It changed into preceded with the aid of the Baradostian subculture within the equal place and become associated with the Imereti tradition of the Caucasus.